
ThelastproductoftheR2companyinthe2Dgames'fieldisanewrevolutionaryalgorithmofsearchingfortheshortestpathina 2 × nmaze.Imagineamazethatlookslikea 2 × n rectangle,dividedintounitsquares.Eachunitsquareiseitheranemptycelloranobstacle.Inoneunitoftime,apersoncanmovefromanemptycellofthemazetoanyside-adjacentemptycell.Theshortestpathproblemisformulatedasfollows.Giventwofreemazecells,younee...

TheCompanyDynamicRankingshasdevelopedanewkindofcomputerthatisnolongersatisfiedwiththequeryliketosimplyfindthek-thsmallestnumberofthegivenNnumbers.TheyhavedevelopedamorepowerfulsystemsuchthatforNnumbersa[1],a[2],...,a[N],youcanaskitlike:whatisthek-thsmallestnumberofa[i],a[i+1],...,a[j]?(Forsomei<=j,0<k<=j+1-ithatyouhavegiventoit).Morepowerful,youcanevenchangethevalueofsomea[i],an...
![「BZOJ1657」[Usaco2006 Mar] Mooo 奶牛的歌声](http://hzwer.com/wp-content/themes/ly/image/image_post/2014-12-10_12-30-20.jpg)
DescriptionFarmerJohn'sN(1<=N<=50,000)cowsarestandinginaverystraightrowandmooing.Eachcowhasauniqueheighthintherange1..2,000,000,000nanometers(FJreallyisasticklerforprecision).Eachcowmoosatsomevolumevintherange1..10,000.This"moo"travelsacrosstherowofcowsinbothdirections(exceptfortheendcows,obviously).Curiously,itisheardonlybytheclosestcowineachdirectionwhoseheightisstrictlylargerth...
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